Chapter 4 and 5

Reading these two chapters, I feel like it was all a review. It was all about the various approaches that are in Deaf Education. It compares the Auditory-Oral Approach vs. the Visual-Manual Approach.

In the Auditory-Oral Approach there are two different programs that is under that umbrella. They are Auditory-Verbal and Cued Speech.

• Auditory-Oral Approach main focus is on spoken language skills. The children that are in this program almost has a form of amplification and are taught to listen to themselves and how they produce speech. This way they can know when they are making speech errors and can self correct themselves.
• Auditory-Verbal Approach is different from the other oral approaches cause it focuses more on audition and less on visual aspect of speech reading.
• Cued Speech: It is a manual program but keep it separate from sign language. Cued speech is various hand shapes and movements that represent the different phonemes in that can be seen in the English language. Cued speech is paired up with speech, you really cant use it without spoken language cause it wouldn't make sense the

Visual-Manual Approach also is an umbrella terms with programs under it.

• Visual-Manual Approach is where Sign Language comes into play. It is a system that is manually coded in sign which helps to provided children that are D/HH with instruction
• Total Communication (TC): it a program that uses whatever the child is comfortable with. That means in one classroom you may have child who signs and another child who uses English. That means as a teacher you would use TC to help both children understand the concept that you are teaching. So you are signing and voicing at the same time
• Bilingual/Bicultural: It also uses both sign language (ASL) and English. However, its a program that believes that ASL is a language and for most children who are D/HH its their first language. So the program builds up their vocabulary in their natural language (ASL) and then teaches the child how to read and write in English.

Each child is different. In this field we are taught to have the child lead us in which language they will want to use. I think this is really important cause if I child natural language is ASL and you force them to speak, you are making them miss out on all the vocabulary that they might have access too if you accept their natural language and signed to them. For teachers to better serve our kids we really have to teach them in their natural language.